Effects of the Type of Training Models on Job Motivation

Impacts of the Type of Training Models on Job Motivation Administration industry is currently concentrating increasingly more on giving important preparing chances to its workers so as to improve the nature of its administrations and benchmarking them as its upper hand. This examination has endeavored to comprehend the impacts of the Business Embedded Training Model and the Traditional Training Model on representatives work inspiration. An example of 80 associations and 1000 respondents was taken and Group t-Test and Log Linear Logit procedures were utilized to assess what preparing model is favored over the other by the administration business and which preparing model has progressively beneficial outcomes on workers work inspiration. The examination uncovered that Business Embedded Training Model has more beneficial outcomes on workers inspiration than the Traditional Training Model. Catchphrases: Training, Motivation, Performance, Employee Satisfaction Presentation In about each cutting edge advertise a huge bit of the business world gives preparing and advancement chances to their representatives to improve the degree of their exhibitions, along these lines enhancing their organization development and achievement (McDougall Beattie, 1998). One of the recognizable issues with preparing is the issue on for what reason do individuals need preparing? Is it accurate to say that they are keen on preparing for money related advantages/development opportunity/self acknowledgment? Does preparing truly sway decidedly on inspiration? For all intents and purposes all workers get some type of preparing during their activity. Unquestionably, people depend on preparing to build up their current ranges of abilities and to learn new proficiencies. In any case, to boost the advantages of preparing, specialists and professionals must know more than whether it worked. Numerous creators have pointed out for more noteworthy exploration understanding why preparing w orks. Specifically, a few have recommended that building up a superior comprehension of members preparing related inspiration would give valuable experiences into a dismissed territory identified with preparing adequacy (Mathieu, Tannenbaum Salas, 1992). Preparing inspiration is constantly considered to work next to each other as any of it can't work without the help of the other one. Knowing the significant components of worker inspirational data is imperative to anybody worried about hierarchical execution, as it enables to make target evaluations of what individuals anticipates from their business. Regardless of whether it is figuring individual arrangement, vital plans, or reengineering forms, keeping workers propelled is important to arrive at objectives of profitability and productivity (Turkiewicz, Massey Brown, 1998). The issue examined in this paper is the Effects of Business Embedded Traditional preparing models on workers work inspiration since the manner in which preparing is given has a noteworthy impact on representatives work inspiration. So as to address the concerned issue the accompanying two speculations are tried H1: Business Embedded Training Model has a more significant level of inclination in the administration business than the Traditional Training Model. H2: Business Embedded Training Model has more constructive outcomes on workers work inspiration than the Traditional Training Model Writing REVIEW In this new time of learning and advancement, associations achievement and intensity principally relies on constantly improving execution by decreasing cost, improving and making new items and procedure, upgrading quality and profitability, speeding up to be the first to the market and all parts of the association must exhibit their capacity to emphatically affect execution (Wells, Layne Allen, 1991). In any case numerous acts of human asset the board are inferred in the improvement of inward just as outside assets, however preparing is viewed as an imperative action so as to have very much qualified, adaptable and solid and steady human money to accomplish the better expectations of exhibitions. As per different creators, preparing is considered as one of the most noteworthy procedures in the Human Resources Management capacities in the associations. It assumes a basic job in keeping up and building up the capacities of both individual representatives and the association all in all and in adding to the indispensable procedure of hierarchical change also. At present the business world is described, in addition to other things, by an expanding intensity, showcase globalization, consistent innovative advances and changes in work association; subsequently, the endurance of an organization infers the arraignment of practical upper hands and hypotheses setting the birthplace of these focal points outside the organization are currently losing legitimacy in light of a legitimate concern for those focused on inner components, particularly the hypothesis of assets and limits (Saã‚â'nchez, Arago Sanz-Valle, 2003). So keeping in see the prime significance of preparing, associations triumph for the most part relies on consistently improving its exhibition levels by causing preparing as a perpetual factor in the improvement of the association with the goal that it to can show its capacity to emphatically affect its presentation. Considering the essentialness of preparin g isn't just significant however it is likewise basic to realize that what kind and the amount of preparing is required for a specific activity work. In thinking about what sufficient preparing is, we have to figure out who ought to be prepared, what zones of preparing ought to be secured, what strategies and assets can be utilized, and who should lead the preparation (Hoff, 1970). The prime significance of preparing can be seen from the perspective of an organization, such that the worker preparing genuinely begins to pay off once it can see the effect of its venture converted into expanded efficiency. The estimation of an organization naturally rises when a representative can effectively try the aptitudes the person has procured from preparing. Any business with the ability to put resources into representative turn of events and preparing, appreciate incredible outcomes and fulfillments both in the short and long terms (Valle, Martin, Romero, Dolan, 2004). Understanding the marvel of worker preparing and advancement requires comprehension of the considerable number of changes that happen because of learning. As the generator of new information, worker preparing and advancement is put inside a more extensive key setting of HR the executives. The key strategy of worker preparing and advancement needs to empower innovativeness, guarantee imaginativeness and shape the whole authoritative information that gives the association uniqueness and separates it from the others (Vemiㄆ¡, 2007). Representative preparing and improvement doesn't mean just to get new information, capacities and abilities, yet additionally the likelihood to advance a learning society, acquaint workers with changes, energize the progressions of their methodology, acquaint the representatives with significant business choices and include them effectively during the time spent dynamic (Saã‚â'nchez, Arago Sanz-Valle, 2003). Typically, the purpose of preparing is to guarantee that representatives can effectively conveys of what is anticipated from their occupations. The business circumstance starting today has changed radically, with serious strain on associations to remain in front of their opposition through progress upgrade (Cauwenbergh Cool, 2000). In the perspective on the abovementioned, so as to add to the companys achievement, preparing exercises should enable the organization to accomplish its business system by building up the fundamental aptitudes and the information required to increase the expectation of execution of the individual representative. The connection between business procedure and individual execution happens to a limited extent through authoritative ability to make and insert individuals process along various measurements: vertical linkage (to make arrangement with momentary business needs); level linkage (to make union); and brief linkage (to perform to address future issues) ( Gartton, Hailey, Stiles Truss, 1999). So by connecting preparing with the embraced business methodologies can significantly assist workers with developing fundamental aptitudes and information expected to play out their employments successfully, which legitimately influences the necessary business needs and giving them such chances to improve and build up their organizations for future hindrances. As indicated by different examination contemplates, so as to prepare the workers the administration initially should make a learning society or a learning association and afterward do the exchange of preparing which can be depicted as a foundational association which has the ability to change adjust in troublesome circumstances. Learning and advancement is typically thought about as an individual wonder, and the facts confirm that recipients and professionals can learn as people. In the event that the procedure of hierarchical learning and advancement doesn't occur, associations can't adju st/adjust to new conditions as they create. To maintain a strategic distance from this situation, the associations need to investigate approaches to begin, propel and energize the learning and improvement not exclusively to specific people yet in addition with respect to the association all in all (Vemiㄆ¡, 2007). Clarification of the Effects of Business Embedded and Traditional Training Models on inspiration: The Business Embedded Model is described by five abilities: Strategic Direction, Product Design, Structural Versatility, Product Delivery and Accountability for results. The most perceptible distinction between the BE work and a customary preparing division is its structure. Model to consider the Effects of Business Embedded Traditional Training models on Motivation: Vital Direction Program Structure Versatility Preparing Program Design Preparing Delivery Responsibility for preparing results Representative Motivation Levels [Source: S.S Mcintosh, Envisioning Virtual Training Organizations. Preparing Development (May 1995):47, Book (), Chapter 2,

Moral Integrity in Health Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Integrity in Health Administration - Essay Example As experts of the human services field, they have been given moral obligation of dealing with the assets successfully. Under various circumstances, the experts need to guarantee that they settle on right choices which will be helpful for their patients and they ought to keep up moral uprightness in their calling. The most troublesome test that should be tended to is an equivalent, defended and reasonable treatment of each patient as there are tremendous varieties in protection inclusion, clinical costs, openness to medicinal services offices, innovation accessibility and some more. So as to guarantee that stewardship is polished with deference, the experts need to guarantee that they offer regard to the patients, families and companions in the whole dynamic procedure and relationship creation so all insights concerning treatment technique are obviously comprehended by them and they concur with an official choice of the expert. As patients trust the specialists and attendants aimlessl y, the stewards need to guarantee that the individuals from human services office will comply with the set moral principles for appropriate treatment of clinical strategies. The choices taken by the expert ought to be exact and as indicated by the circumstance so the patients trust the consideration. Dynamic ought to be founded on realities and standard arrangements instead of on convictions and instincts of the experts. The moral set of accepted rules mirrors the earnestness and trustworthiness level of any expert when managing offering types of assistance to the patients.... So as to guarantee that stewardship is polished with deference, the experts need to guarantee that they offer regard to the patients, families and friends in the whole dynamic procedure and relationship creation so all insights regarding treatment methodology is plainly comprehended by them and they concur with an official choice of the expert. As patients trust the specialists and attendants aimlessly, the stewards need to guarantee that the individuals from social insurance office will submit to the set moral measures for legitimate treatment of clinical methodology. The choices taken by the expert ought to be exact and as indicated by the circumstance with the goal that the patients trust the consideration and medicines being given to them. Dynamic ought to be founded on realities and standard arrangements as opposed to on convictions and instincts of the experts. As indicated by Wheatley (2006), a steward needs to insert the estimation of regard inside the moral set of principles with the goal that the patients are given reasonable treatment and experts, for example, specialists, doctors and medical caretakers show their degree of legitimacy, self-information, uprightness, receptiveness, trust and self-sufficiency. The moral set of accepted rules reflects upon the genuineness and trustworthiness level of any expert when managing offering types of assistance to the patients. Stewards ought to be very much aware of the vision and estimations of the human services and as needs be progress in the direction of accomplishing the vision of the social insurance association. The stewards should concentrate on the guiding principle that comprise of decency, uprightness and regard for the individuals from the human services association so that consequently they are given regard for the administrations they give to the social insurance association. The relationship building abilities of stewards ought to be solid with the goal that they can impart well and furthermore persuade

Bloodsucking Fiends A Love Story Chapter 25 Free Essays

string(58) the wronged will discover comfort in a deal at Macy’s. ~Part III Trackers Section 25 All Dressed Up Tommy raged around the space gathering brew jars and breakfast plates and conveying them to the kitchen. â€Å"Bitch!† he said to Peary. â€Å"Shark-confronted bitch. We will compose a custom article test on Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 25 or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Dislike I have any involvement with this. Dislike there’s Cosmo articles on the most proficient method to deal with a vampire. Bloodsucking, day-resting, turtle-despising, frightening slithering, no-bathroom tissue purchasing, impolite bitch!† He hammered an armload of dishes into the sink. â€Å"I didn’t request this. A couple of companions come over for breakfast and she goes bat-poop. Did I make an object when her mom came over with no notification? Did I say a word when she brought a dead person home and pushed him under the bed? No offense, Peary. Do I grumble about her odd hours? Her dietary patterns? No, I haven’t said a word.† Dislike I went to the City saying, ‘Oh, I can’t hold on to discover a lady whose lone delight in life is sucking out my natural liquids. Alright, well, perhaps I did, yet I didn’t mean this.† Tommy tied up a garbage pack loaded with brew jars and tossed it in the corner. The accident resounded through his head, helping him to remember his aftereffect. He supported his pounding sanctuaries and went to the restroom, where he hurled until he figured his stomach would turn back to front. He propelled himself up from the bowl and cleaned his eyes. Two snapping turtles respected him from the tub. â€Å"What are you all looking at?† Scott’s jaw dropped open and he murmured. Zelda dodged under the foot of fouled water and swam against the edge of the tub. â€Å"I need a shower. You folks will need to wander around for a while.† Tommy found a towel and wrestled the turtles out of the tub, at that point stepped in and ran the shower until the water went cold. As he dressed he watched Scott and Zelda meandering around the room, finding dividers, at that point backing up and drooping off until they hit another stopping point. â€Å"You folks are hopeless here, aren’t you? Nobody acknowledges you? Indeed, it doesn’t look like Jody’s going to utilize you. Whoever knew about a vampire with a feeble stomach? There’s no purpose behind us all to be miserable.† Tommy had been utilizing the milk containers he’d conveyed Scott and Zelda in as clothing bushels. He dumped the grimy clothing on the floor and fixed the boxes with clammy towels. â€Å"Let’s go, folks. We’re heading off to the park.† He put Scott in a container and conveyed him down the means to the walkway. At that point returned up for Zelda and flagged down a taxi. At the point when he came back to the road, one of the biker/stone carvers was remaining outside of the foundry, blotching work out of his whiskers with a bandanna. â€Å"You live upstairs, right?† The stone carver was around thirty-five, long-haired and hairy, wearing dingy pants and a denim vest with no shirt. His brew stomach distended from the vest and hung over his belt like an incredible bristly pack of pudding. â€Å"Yeah, I’m Tom Flood.† Tommy set the box on the walkway and offered his hand. The artist cinched down on it until Tommy flinched with torment. â€Å"I’m Frank. My partner’s Monk. He’s inside.† â€Å"Monk?† â€Å"Short for Monkey. We work in brass.† Tommy kneaded his squashed hand. â€Å"I don’t get it.† â€Å"Balls on a metal monkey.† â€Å"Oh,† Tommy stated, gesturing as though he comprehended. â€Å"What’s with the turtles?† Frank inquired. â€Å"Pets,† Tommy said. â€Å"They’re outgrowing our place, so I’m going to take a taxi over to Golden Gate Park and let them go in the pond.† â€Å"That why your wife left completely pissed off?† â€Å"Yeah, she doesn’t need them in the house anymore.† â€Å"Fucking women,† Frank said in compassion. â€Å"My last old woman was consistently on me about keeping my bike in the family room. I despite everything have the scooter.† Clearly, in Frank’s eyes, Tommy ought to complete Jody in a box. Blunt idea he was a weakling. â€Å"No large deal,† Tommy said with a shrug, â€Å"they were hers. I don’t truly care.† â€Å"I could utilize a few turtles, in the event that you need to spare taxi fare.† â€Å"Really?† Tommy hadn’t savored stacking the boxes into a taxi at any rate. â€Å"You wouldn’t eat them, okay? That is to say, I don’t care, however †â€Å" â€Å"No screwing way, man.† A blue taxi pulled up and halted. Tommy motioned to the driver, at that point turned around to Frank. â€Å"I’ve been taking care of them hamburger.† â€Å"Cool,† Frank said. â€Å"I’m on it.† â€Å"I need to go.† Tommy opened the taxi entryway and glanced back at Frank. â€Å"Can I visit them?† â€Å"Anytime,† Frank said. â€Å"Later.† He twisted and got the carton containing Zelda. Tommy got in the taxi. â€Å"Marina Safeway,† he said. He would be a few hours ahead of schedule for work, yet he didn’t need to remain at the space and hazard another tirade if Jody returned. He could kill the time perusing or something. As the taxi pulled away he glanced out the back window and watched Frank conveying the second carton inside. Tommy felt as though he had quite recently deserted his youngsters. Jody thought, I surmise not all things change when I changed. Without acknowledging how she arrived, Jody ended up at Macy’s in Union Square. Maybe some instinctual pilot, enacted by struggle with men, had guided her there. Multiple times in the past she had wound up here, showing up with a handbag loaded with tear-spread Kleenex and a bunch of Visas leaned toward their breaking point. It was a typical, and extremely human, reaction. She spotted other ladies doing likewise: flipping through racks, testing textures, checking costs, retaliating tears and outrage, and really accepting sales reps who revealed to them that they looked shocking. Jody thought about whether retail establishments comprehended what level of their benefits originated from residential distress. As she passed a presentation of disgustingly costly beauty care products, she recognized a sign that read: â€Å"Melange Youth Cream †Because he’ll never comprehend why you’re worth it.† Yep, they knew. The upright and the wronged will discover comfort in a deal at Macy’s. You read Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 25 in class Exposition models It was fourteen days until Christmas and the stores in Union Square were remaining open late into the night. Tinsel and lights were trimmed over each passageway, and each thing not set apart available to be purchased was enhanced with counterfeit evergreen, red and green lace, and different plastic approximations of day off. Droves of bundle loaded customers walked through the walkways like the chorale line of the chipper, sleigh-chime rendition of the Bataan Death March, ever cautious to continue moving in case some driven window dresser misstep them for mannequins and splash them down with vaporized day off. Jody watched the warmth trails of the lights, inhaled profound the smell of fudge and candy and a thousand blended colognes and antiperspirants, tuned in to the hum of the engines that energized electric mythical beings and reindeer under the shroud of Muzak-mellowed Christmas hymns †and she enjoyed it. Christmas is better as a vampire, she suspected. The groups used to trouble her, however now they appeared like†¦ like steers: innocuous and ignorant. To her predator side, even the ladies wearing hide, who used to grind on her nerves, appeared innocuous, yet even illuminated in this uplifted exotic world. I’d like to roll stripped on mink, she thought. She glared to herself. Not with Tommy, however. Not for some time, in any case. She wound up checking the groups, searching for the dim emanation that deceived the perishing prey †at that point got herself and shuddered. She investigated their heads, similar to a lift rider staying away from eye to eye connection, and the sparkle of dark got her attention. It was a party dress, insignificantly showed on a thin Venus de Milo mannequin in a Santa cap. The LBD, Little Black Dress: what could be compared to atomic weapons; open underwear; compelling not on account of what it was, however what it wasn’t. You needed to have the legs and the body to wear a LBD. Jody did. However, you additionally needed to have the certainty, and that she’d always been unable to gather. Jody looked down at her pants and sweatshirt, at that point at the dress, at that point at her sneakers. She pushed her way through the group to the dress. A portly, elegantly dressed sales rep moved toward Jody from behind. â€Å"May I help you?† Jody’s look was prepared on the dress as though it were the Star of Bethlehem and she was overloaded with frankincense and myrrh. â€Å"I need to see that dress in a three.† â€Å"Very good,† the lady said. â€Å"I’ll present to you a five and a seven as well.† Jody took a gander at the lady just because and saw the lady taking a gander at her sweatshirt as though it would grow limbs and choke her at any second. â€Å"A three will be fine,† Jody said. â€Å"A three may be a piece snug,† the lady said. â€Å"That’s the idea,† Jody said. She grinned pleasantly, envisioning herself grabbing out bunches of the woman’s elegantly tinted hair. â€Å"Now let’s get the thing number off of that,† the lady stated, making a demonstration of holding the tag with the goal that Jody could see the cost. She sneaked a search for Jody’s response. â€Å"He’s paying,† Jody stated, just to be aggravating. â€Å"It’s a gift.† â€

New Directions and Challenges of Social Sciences Assignment

New Directions and Challenges of Social Sciences - Assignment Example The way that it has been named delicate science can influence the apparent estimation of the control just as the measure of financing accessible to it (Bernstein, 1983). An ideal model is during the late 2000s downturns where sociology excessively slice from subsidizing contrasted with arithmetic and regular science, which was rarely contacted. Various recommendations were made for the National Science Foundation to stop financing every sociology since they have no effect to advancement. Also, sociologies progress is viewed as nonlinear on the grounds that numerous new thoughts need to prompt transformations while others have had extensive incubation periods and at last met an extended opposition (Bernstein, 1983). Moreover, other new thoughts have accomplished excessively fast and faddish acknowledgment that is generally trailed by a brisk excusal. Bernstein further attests that a previous age of research in retail the executives archived a bunch of attributes connected to logical advancement, yet it was never trailed by trans-disciplinary investigations that tried and built up the general hypotheses that trimmed out. Moreover, sociologies, for example, retail the executives manage individuals. All things considered, it gets troublesome in confining all the factors that may impact the result of any sociology examine. Indeed, controlling the variable may even modify the outcomes subsequently it is difficult to devise a trial in any a delicate science. The most recent two decades, the study of retail the board has for sure picked up significance and built up the abundance of instruments. Vital are the procedures that are utilized in doing a goal examine. Regardless of utilizing research as an apparatus for discovering answers to business issues, there still one major test: unequivocal suppositions. The greater part of these implicit presumptions sabotage examine all the more along these lines, in retail the board (Collins, 2001). Â

Impacts of slavery in the caribbean free essay sample

How did the African subjugation sway the Caribbean locale Introduction When the Europeans changed from tobacco to sugar development, the estate required more terrains and more work. The work present originated from the Tainos, whose populace diminished from misuse, and couldn't fulfill the work needs. The Europeans brought free workers from Europe, however they couldn't be compelled to work under the conditions requested by the encomenderos. The congregation recommended the utilization of oppressing Africans to supplant the quick biting the dust Taino populace. The Africans confronted enormous maltreatment. They were caught in inborn wars or strikes on towns. The states of the center entry were unfortunate. On appearance in the West Indies the African were in coldhearted state both genuinely and intellectually. The more beneficial looking slaves were cleaned and sold, the rejects were left to get by all alone. On the manor they were permitted one three day weekend, they had little to eat and they didn't have many garments to wear. They were beaten with whips for discipline, which made the slaves rebel against the whites. The Caribbean had both negative and positive effect because of African subjection. Adversely it causes segregation between races, the revolt cause harm to structures and numerous lives were lost. A few Europeans didn't concur with African subjection, and there were abolitionist subjugation bunches Quakers and the Clapham Sect and compassionate people were likewise included. The positive effect; The Africans brought their religion, farming and culture to the Caribbean. Part 1 In the sixteenth century, tobacco development was the main harvest in the Caribbean overwhelming the European market. Tobacco costs were declining in the Caribbean, because of rivalry from Virginia tobacco. By 1627, Virginia had the option to dispatch almost 00 000 lbs of tobacco to Europe in one year while in 1628 St Kitts and Barbados were just 100 000 lbs. Virginia had the upside of size and quality. The interest for West Indians tobacco fell, and the yield was not all that quick. The quality was additionally second rate, so costs fell and little ranchers left business. In Europe, there was a rising interest for sugar, espresso and tea, with ubiquity were expanding and they required sugar as a sugar for their beverages. Sugar must be developed in a tropical or sub-tropical atmosphere and the West Indian islands were well arranged for its development. A transoceanic journey made the West Indies available to the European market. Sugar had a bigger number of requests than tobacco; it required a bigger home and progressively capital which little grower of the Eastern Caribbean didnt have. The change from tobacco to sugar caused a work issue. Sugar development and production required an immense measure of incompetent, physical work which couldn't be given by indigenous Taino however they didnt keep going long because of the evil medicines from the Europeans. Numerous Taino were executed for sports. They were pursued by pooches and ponies and some Spanish horsemen dashed at the Taino utilizing their blades as spears to ee on the off chance that they could run their blades through the body and out the opposite side. They would cut a Taino head off at one stroke and furthermore dropped their infants over precipices or suffocate them. A portion of the Tainos ended it all and practice child murder. Before the finish of the sixteenth century, the Taino were a people of the past and in this manner the lack of workers for sugar development. The pilgrims pondered acquiring arrangement hirelings from Europe. They got them huge numbers, however these workers couldn't work under the conditions and numerous kicked the bucket from illnesses, under ourishment or abuse. Somewhere in the range of 1520 and 1530, the congregation proposed the utilization of oppressing African to supplant the quick kicking the bucket Taino. The places of worship built up the bigot contention that the Africans were not local subjects of the crown, however were subject of the called boorish and rapscallion lords. So the crown saw no good or moral motivation behind why Africans shouldnt be imported. African subjection was at that point utilized in Spanish society, so this framework could without much of a stretch be reached out to the Caribbean. Africans were less expensive and the cash which secured a white keeps an eye on administration for ten ears could purchase a Negro forever and Africans were accessible in enormous numbers. West Africa was nearer to the Caribbean than Europe and the sea going between the two elements made simple by the exchange winds which blew east to west. Africans were at that point acquainted with subjugation in West Africa before the Europeans interceded. Bondage was utilized for individuals who had obligation, as a discipline for wrongdoing, for penance purposes, and in specific types of marriage, adversaries taken as detainees and relinquished. Africans were likewise familiar with rural work in a tropical atmosphere. Part 2 The European remained at the production lines and fortresses while striking was finished by Africans from woods states like Oyo, Benin, Dahmey and Asante. Young men and men between the ages of sixteen and forty were looked for. The ladies, youngsters and the elderly individuals were abandoned to accomplish difficult work. Those caught were walked to the coast, affixed together by lower legs and neck. The slaves were conveyed to quarters called barracoons where they were stripped bare and placed into gatherings. The rejects were either excessively old or had venereal ailment. The more advantageous ones were marked on the chest with a red ot iron implying the nation which was purchasing the slave. The most noticeably awful conditions the Africans confronted were the Middle Passage. Insurrections, fierce medicines and suicides were basic on slave ships than on different vessels and more prominent limitation. Approximately a boat of 100 tons could convey 100 slaves anyway the proportion changed a boat of 90 tons conveyed 390 slaves. Each slave was permitted five and a half feet long by sixteen crawls in breath. They were marked and tied in pairs ,right leg and left leg, right hand and left hand. The smell underneath deck was painful. Cans of water ere tossed over the slaves as they lay to wash away the waste products. Slaves experienced diseases from lying in earth. Some kicked the bucket or were tossed over the edge. Boats sank or were lost in tempests and slaves kicked the bucket. For instance the George transport, lost 84 percent of the 594 slaves from the length of journey and disagreeableness of climate. Slaves additionally revolted, by end it all and assuming control over boats, executing the group individuals and rates among slaves during the center section were amazingly high. In the wake of intersection the Atlantic, the slaves were in horrendous conditions, both truly and intellectually. They ere barely in any condition to be sold. Before being offered available to be purchased, they were tidied up and assessed. Costs were set with the understanding of purchasers at that point sold during the time spent scrambling. The slaves were gathered in gatherings of guys and females and at the discharging of the firearm purchasers surged on board so as to hold onto all they needed. This scared the slaves, making a few slaves jump over the edge in caution. Slaves who were not sold, either as a result of infections or Just won't, were sold at open sale or relinquished to pass on the waterfront. On the manor slaves were given an ordinary calendar. They worked from 5 am-8am,9am-12pm, and 1 pm-6pm. They didnt have a lot to wear and were beaten with whips for being moderate, fleeing are resisting the grower. The whites gave clinics and specialists to investigate a customary premise, yet slaves were influenced by a scope of maladies and diseases, which European medication was to a great extent insufficient. Ladies healer gave fixes utilizing common cures which were obscure to the specialists. While taking a shot at the ranch, slaves sang melody to taunt the bosses. They were permitted Christmas off and (end of the week in Jamaica). They sang, move and played instruments or performed akes. Grower viewed their music as loud and second rate. A long time passed and the medications of slaves were most noticeably terrible. Slaves revolted to vanquish the slave framework by utilizing different sorts of latent obstruction: Slow working and malingering Pretending obliviousness Deliberate heedlessness Pretended to be sick Damaging and devastating the proprietors property, consuming the plants and ready stick. Harming and slaughtering of domesticated animals. There were a great deal of slave revolts. This influenced about all the islands and territory regions. The rebellions undermine the entire white network and furthermore numerous slaves kicked the bucket or were rebuffed. There was a spread of slave revolts all through the Caribbean a few models are: In Barbados, in 1816, sixty home structures were annihilated and canfields set ablaze. In any case, slaves needed to pay dearly of their activities, and one hundred slaves were murdered by troopers while forty-four were executed. In the Jamaica revolt in 1831, slaves decimated property. Fifteen whites were slaughtered anyway the soldiers showed up and a few slaves gave up, 400 slaves were murdered, one hundred were executed and another hundred were whipped. In the 1823 revolt in Demerara, 30 000 slaves were included, o viciousness was offered to any of the whites however revolts were pursued somewhere around furnished soldiers with much carnage. More than 100 slaves were murdered or executed. Many were whipped or condemned to hard work in chains forever. The revolt fizzled, on the grounds that the specialists had predominant arms and powers. Slaves had no military preparing and couldn't utilize gun regardless of whether accessible. Part 3 African subjugation has affected the Caribbean Islands adversely. The Caribbean was influenced socially and monetarily. bondage. Whites were free and blacks were slaves. Blacks were victimized and were dealt with cruelly. After subjection, there was still segregation among blacks model the Morant Bay resistance where blacks compensation were being cut and they starved and experienced illnesses. Individuals were classed by their shading skin, whites on top, to blacks at the base. Generally the social results of migration on a scale were negative. Nations were denied of their generally dynamic and eager individuals. Migration likewise made an unevenness between t

Lewis Music Library

Lewis Music Library Instead of writing only about student life, Im gonna try to write about some cool places on campus too. If you have any particular places or things youd like to know more about (or see photos of, if youre unable to visit MIT), leave a comment at the end of the entry, k? According to the film Meet the Parents, geniuses choose the color green. In addition to geniuses, green carpeting, green couches, and green chairs, the Lewis Music Library has a phenomenal collection of resources to educate and entertain the MIT community. (Hrm, that intro was pretty weak sauce. The librarys awesome, though, so dont hate it just because my hook sucked.) The library’s spacious layout ensures no one will feel claustrophobic while inside. When you go up the stairs, you’ll find 30 custom-build listening stations. They contain CD players, cassette decks, turntables, VCRs, laser disc players, and DVD players. No, you can’t reserve this floor for your senior prom. Stefano 06, a physics major, listens to a classical recording and reads information about its composer. Listening to Schumann probably assuages the pain of full-body checking, which might be one reason why this varsity lacrosse player is so calm. He tried to reserve the room for a Super Bowl party, but no such luck. (Since I took this picture, Stefano has taken out his braids and has a mad fro. It looks really hot, but I dont think the headphones would fit over it, so its a good thing they were in braids for the photo.) Each of the 19 glass panels on the library’s mezzanine displays a measure of a Canon composed by John Harbison, who wrote the song specifically for the library. Side note: Harbison won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1987, and just happens to be an Institute Professor at MIT. Listen to the song at http://libraries.mit.edu/music/facilities/Veni.mp3 See the song at http://libraries.mit.edu/music/facilities/canon.html A portrait of Rosalind Denny Lewis hangs above more listening stations. Susanna 05 changes tracks on a CD for a music class. Notice the expression on her face; the Lewis Music Library sure does make the world a better place. The library subscribes to approximately 75 print journals and keeps the most recent copies of each out for browsing. In addition to these print journals, the library also provides access to 75 electronic journals. They LOOK like normal chairs, but… …they bend! No wonder everyone here is so chill while studying. (Wow, gotta love the vintage Sam photo) Here are some oversize scores, from larger-than-life composers. The library houses 31,000 musical scores, 25,000 recordings, and 14,000 books. That is a ton of books. Since keeping good time is an important part of being a successful musician, we’ve got to post this picture of the library’s clock. Gotta love MIT. And now, what you’ve all been waiting for, a music major ! Peter 05 intently studies a textbook. Isn’t the library a wonderful place?

Vocabulary and variables

Ive been doing some thinking about the relationship between the Critical Reading and Math sections of the SAT, particularly in relation to the the idea of  associative interference   the notion that unrelated   concepts have a tendency to get tied up with one another and interfere with understanding. Catherine Johnson at  Kitchen Table Math  has written about it in relation to the Math section, but I would venture to say that for most people, its actually much more of a problem on Critical Reading section. Heres why: One of the things that the SAT tests is the ability to draw conclusions based solely on the information in front of you and to ignore any preconceived notions or biases you may bring with you into the test. In terms of the math section, this means that you need to be able to understand the  concept  of a variable that is, that the letter a or x or y(or whatever else happens to be used) stands for whatever it happens to mean within the context of a particular problem, regardless of how youre used to seeing it elsewhere. I think that in general, this is not a terribly foreign concept for most people who have achieved a reasonably high level of mathematical understanding. If you dont   really get what a variable is but are still attempting to take any sort of advanced math class, youre   going to get thrown the second you see a familiar letter in an unfamiliar context, and thats probably going to cause you some trouble in math class at some point. In other words, school math does often overlap with SAT math in this regard, and if theres a serious weakness in your understanding of the concept, theres a halfway decent chance itll get picked up on eventually. When a similar issue emerges on the verbal side of things, however, there chances of it being caught are comparatively slim.  I think its safe to say that most high school students have never been explicitly asked to think about words in quite the way the SAT tests them namely, that a word can be made to mean almost anything that an author wants it to mean, even the exact opposite of what it usually means. Or, to draw a math analogy, that words = variables. In other words, sometimes it doesnt matter how a word is usually used, only how its being used in that particular context at that particular moment. (In order to answer higher-level questions dealing with things like irony and mockery and skepticism, it is of course necessary to understand  whyan author would use a word to mean its opposite, but in order to get there, you first have to understand whats literally being said. And in my experience, plenty of kids who take AP English struggle even with that.) In this sense, the SAT is exactly the  opposite  of a traditional vocabulary test. Its also the exact opposite of the kind of English assignment that asks you to connect what youre reading to your own experiences which, as far as I can tell, seems to comprise a substantial portion of the English assignments at a lot of schools. Knowing the dictionary definition of a word, pondering what it reminds you of, or remembering how your Aunt Sally used it last weekend will get you exactly nowhere. As a matter of fact, it doesnt even matter if you know the definition of the word being tested all that matters is that you know the definitions of the words in the answer choices. So what this means, practically speaking, is that when you see a question that that says, In line 17,  suffered  most nearly means, you need to rephrase the question as, In line 17, x most nearly means. The fact that the word suffered, as opposed to some other word, happens to be used in the original text is almost entirely incidental. Yes, knowing that suffered is negative  might  help you make some headway in eliminating answer choices, but if the passage indicates otherwise, that knowledge might actually drag you in the wrong direction. Thinking about vocabulary words as variables also eliminates the option that youll try to answer the question without looking back at the passage you might think you know what suffering means, but you probably wouldnt dare to guess what x meant without checking out the context. Even if you think you remember, youll be a whole lot more likely to play it safe.

Ethical Dilemmas Ethical Dilemma - 1255 Words

Ethical Dilemmas Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Morals and ethics are related topics which can easily be mistaken each for the other. Ethics are a set of standards a person comes up with to ensure they make the best choices between a group of options. Morals are rules which guide a person when choosing a particular type of behavior between classes which are already classified by the society as wrong or right. Ethical dilemmas pose very conflicted questions in a person s mind when making decisions. There are differences in decisions, also called ethical judgments and are made by people when having moral dilemmas. These differences can be explained by divergent moral philosophies between different people. This†¦show more content†¦Moreover, it judges an action by its consequences and not the extents to which it benefits anyone. Additionally, if an action is not okay, but its final effects turn out to be constructive, utilitarianism renders it ethical. Ethical dilemmas are extremely complicated in business because business ventures are profit-making endeavors. This means profit making is the central guiding principle in business, not morality. Proper business mind designs products which will bring about the most benefit. Companies will also offer goods and services which encourage immorality such as the brewing of alcoholic beverages. Business concepts also encourage making profits at the expense of others as in the case of the stock market where stock owners dump unprofitable stocks. People involved could apply utilitarianism and Kantianism to solve some of the ethical dilemmas they have in their minds. Decent shelter is a basic human right. People have been known to take mortgage plans often without a constant source of income. Banks are at times forced to sell off the homes of the customers who are unable to make payment, even though it is morally wrong to take away the home of a person. In such a scenario, the bank could use the theory of utilitarianism to gain a resolut e mind in handling this particular issue.Show MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study842 Words   |  4 PagesAn ethical dilemma is a situation by which its difficult to determine whether a situation is can be handled without disappointing both sides. Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is clear or when members of the healthcare team cannot agree on the right thing to do. Ethical dilemmas require negotiation of different points of view (potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall 2011pg 78). The case study briefly explains a situation between daughter and father regarding the fathersRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. As part of an effort to hire younger workers, a multinational organization assures applicants that they will get to visit its offices in other countries and work with the employees there. However, only two out of every nine workers actually get selected for such projects. What moral dilemma best fitsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead More Will the Real Lupe Garza Please Stand Up? Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethical dilemma is defined as a moral issue, where a situation has two equivalent undesirable alternatives and neither choice will resolve the ethical predicament. Lupe Garza, mother of two children, is a temporary employee at a plant. Garza is an excellent and talented worker, and supervisors have taken notice in her skills. A human resource specialist named Sara Jones, mislead Garza in thinking she would unquestionably obtain a permanent job position at the plant, causing Garza to turn downRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Respect For Autonomy984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe nurse to administer blood despite Mark’s refusal. This situation presents an ethical dilemma to the health professionals involved in Mark’s care. The ethical dilemma is whether to uphold his decision not to receive the blood and therefore risk his life or give him the blood to save his life despite knowing his religious status and beliefs. There are several ethical principles involved in this scenario. The ethical principles of respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Veracity and Fidelity

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning in Sociology

Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning are two different approaches to conducting scientific research. Using deductive reasoning, a researcher tests a theory by collecting and examining empirical evidence to see if the theory is true. Using inductive reasoning, a researcher first gathers and analyzes data, then constructs a theory to explain her findings. Within the field of sociology, researchers use both approaches. Often the two are used in conjunction when conducting research and when drawing conclusions from results. Deductive Reasoning Many scientists consider deductive reasoning the gold standard for scientific research. Using this method, one begins with a theory or hypothesis, then conducts research in order to test whether that theory or hypothesis is supported by specific evidence. This form of research begins at a general, abstract level and then works its way down to a more specific and concrete level. If something is found to be true for a category of things, then it is considered to be true for all things in that category in general. An  example of how deductive reasoning is applied within sociology can be found in a 2014 study of whether biases of race or gender shape access to graduate-level education. A team of researchers used deductive reasoning to hypothesize that, due to the prevalence of racism in society, race would play a role in shaping how university professors respond to prospective graduate students who express interest in their research. By tracking professor responses (and lack of responses) to imposter students, coded for race and gender by name, the researchers were able to prove their hypothesis true. They concluded, based on their research, that racial and gender biases are barriers that prevent equal access to graduate-level education across the U.S. Inductive Reasoning Unlike deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning begins with specific observations or real examples of events, trends, or social processes. Using this data, researchers then progress analytically to broader generalizations and theories that help explain the observed cases. This is sometimes called a bottom-up approach because it starts with specific cases on the ground and works its way up to the abstract level of theory. Once a researcher has identified patterns and trends amongst a set of data, he or she can then formulate a hypothesis to test, and eventually develop some general conclusions or theories. A classic example of inductive reasoning in sociology is  Ãƒâ€°mile Durkheims study of suicide. Considered one of the first works of social science research, the  famous and widely taught book, Suicide, details how Durkheim created a sociological theory of suicide—as opposed to a psychological one—based on his scientific study of suicide rates among Catholics and Protestants. Durkheim found that suicide was more common among Protestants than Catholics, and he drew on his training in social theory to create some typologies of suicide and a general theory of how suicide rates fluctuate according to significant changes in social structures and norms. While inductive reasoning is commonly used in scientific research, it is not without its weaknesses. For example, it is not always logically valid to assume that a general principle is correct simply because it is supported by a limited number of cases. Critics have suggested that Durkheims theory is not universally true because the trends he observed could possibly be explained by other phenomena particular to the region from which his data came. By nature, inductive reasoning is more open-ended and exploratory, especially during the early stages. Deductive reasoning is more narrow and is generally used to test or confirm hypotheses. Most social research, however, involves both inductive and deductive reasoning throughout the research process. The scientific norm of logical reasoning provides a two-way bridge between theory and research. In practice, this typically involves alternating between deduction and induction.

How to Identify Types of Trees in North America

The easiest way to identify North American trees is by looking at their branches. Do you see leaves or needles? Does the foliage last all year or is it shed annually? These clues will help you identify just about any hardwood or softwood tree you see in North America.  Think you know your North American trees? Hardwood Trees Hardwoods are  also known as angiosperms, broadleaf, or deciduous trees. They are  abundant in the eastern forests of North America, though they can be found throughout the continent. Broadleaf trees, as the name suggests, bear leaves that vary in size, shape, and thickness. Most hardwoods shed their leaves annually; American holly and evergreen magnolias are two exceptions. Deciduous trees reproduce by bearing fruit that contains a seed or seeds. Common types of hardwood fruit include  acorns, nuts, berries, pomes (fleshy fruit like apples), drupes (stone fruit like peaches), samaras (winged pods), and capsules (flowers).  Some deciduous trees, such as oak or hickory, are very hard indeed. Others, like birch, are fairly soft.   Hardwoods have either simple or compound leaves. Simple leaves are just that: a single leaf attached to a stem. Compound leaves have multiple leaves attached to a single stem. Simple leaves can be further divided into lobed and unlobed. Unlobed leaves may have a smooth edge like a magnolia or a serrated edge like an elm. Lobed leaves have complex shapes that radiate either from a single point along the midrib  like maple or from multiple points like white oak. When it comes to the  most common North American trees, the red alder is number one. Also known as Alnus rubra, its Latin name, this deciduous tree can be identified by oval-shaped leaves with serrated edges and a defined tip, as well as rust-red bark. Mature red alders range from about 65 feet to 100 feet in height, and they are generally found in the western U.S. and Canada. Softwood Trees Softwoods  are  also known as  gymnosperms, conifers or evergreen trees. They are  abundant throughout  North America. Evergreens retain their needle- or scale-like foliage year-round; two exceptions are the bald cypress and tamarack. Softwood trees bear their fruit in the form of cones. Common needle-bearing conifers include spruce, pine, larch, and fir. If the tree has scale-like leaves, then it is probably a cedar or juniper, which are also coniferous trees. If the tree has bunches or clusters of needles, it is pine or larch. If its needles are arrayed neatly along a branch, its  fir or spruce. The trees cone can provide clues, too. Firs have upright cones that are often cylindrical. Spruce cones, by contrast, point downward. Junipers dont have cones; they have small clusters of blue-black berries. The most common softwood tree in North America is the  bald cypress. This tree is atypical  in that it drops its needles annually, hence the bald in its name. Also known as  Taxodium distichum, the bald cypress is found along the coastal wetlands and low-lying areas of the Southeast and Gulf Coast region. Mature bald cypress grows to a height of 100 to 120 feet. It has flat-bladed leaves about 1 cm in length that fans out along twigs. Its bark is gray-brown to red-brown and fibrous.

A Life Journey About Me - 988 Words

A Life Journey about Me I was raised by a single mother, so there were some difficulties that other children from normal family that couldn’t understand. Since my parents divorced when I was three years old. My mother sent me to my grandparents place and let them took care of me at my early-age. It might be weird to say that the possibilities for me to see my own mother was pretty low, but that was the situation I had during my childhood. I needed to face the challenge when my classmates asked where were my parents and why they never showed up in the parents’ meeting. There was always questions around me and those struggles even used to blow me down into a shady person. That is the time my stepfather came into my life. I inherited a lot positive characteristics from my extended family. I take pride in my passion to learn in and how to be a resilient person. My stepfather, a civil engineer, taught me to explore the world with curiosity, widen my horizons to take chances to learn more, and apply the knowledge I acquired through the process. His profession as a manager of a firm, he inspired me to develop my business acumen as I watched him talking over the phone to his subordinates and how he treat them with patience and professionalism. I really greatly appreciate his guidance and instruction on both leadership training and academic career. Besides him, my mother, a self-employed entrepreneur, inspired and taught me how to overcome difficulties in life. She worked very hardShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of the Relationship between Myself and the â€Å"Journey of the Magi743 Words   |  3 Pageswas given to me, I sat and pondered about the three poems by T.S. Elliot, â€Å"Preludes† Journey of the Magi† and â€Å"The Hollow Men† and I wondered about which poem I connected easiest with. I observed the poem, â€Å"Prelu des† when I read the lines, â€Å"And newspapers from vacant lots†¦at the corner of the street†¦a lonely cab-horse steams and stamps† (Elliot, Preludes, page 1156 lines 8-11) in which I realized they were in a bustling city. I thought to myself, since living in a small town all my life, that in theRead MoreMy Reflection On My Cousin Shemelah887 Words   |  4 Pageshas with Christ. She is a firm believer in God and seems to know his place in her life. I always feel safe talking to her about my problems. I am able to trust her to give me her honest opinion. She does not judge my life style or make me feel beneath her. Although she is saved and very active in her church she relates to me, a person who is still trying to find her spiritual path. I notice that when she talks about her relationship with God she has a joy that is in her voice when we are on the phoneRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Self Discovery1012 Words   |  5 Pagesplots and central characters. I often discover new societal universal longings that arise from the novels pages which encourages me to reflect on my own sense of self. The unique interpretations and individual thoughts made by readers allows for a diverse range of reactions to literature. It allows for the words on a page to transform from still words, into a journey of personal growth, where individuals deepen their connections to the characters as well venturing on a self-discovery experienceRead MoreEpic Journey of Life994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic Journey of Life Through all trials and tribulations of anyone s life, there is one thing in common that every single one of us has: the journey we all take through life. Granted, it is never the same journey, but there is always a path that we follow down. Some of us believe in fate, where we believe that our path is already set out for us. There is also the group of people that believe you forge your path through life, and you make your own destiny. Personally, I have always believedRead MoreMark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesMathabane’s autobiography Kaffir Boy, he recalls his journey that begins in apartheid South Africa. Being under control of the whites, he witnesses violence, feels pain and suffers hunger with his family. However he overcomes the hardships and goes to college in America. Mathabane as a child is reluctant to go to school although his mother forces him to go but he earns rewards through education in school and tennis. His family is his aid that helps in his journey and sufferings in South Africa. He almost quitsRead MoreMy Journey On My Spiritual Journey Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesback on my spiritual journey, I remember times of questioning God, praying in times of need, and asking why certain things happen the way they do. My journey has brought me through rough patches of my life and times of life learning lessons. Looking back at the past and up until now, I was not the one to attend church every Sunday and pray before every meal. I questioned some of the ways my church wanted us to learn about God. I even questioned God about certain events in life and why they happenedRead MoreJourney - Life of Pi, Journey to the Interior, the Red Tree Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of The Journey been shaped by your study of the set text, ONE text from the Stimulus Booklet and at least ONE text of your own choosing? My understanding of The Journey is that journeys are essentially the only way to find what one is searching for and this will eventually lead to self discovery. Journeys allow individuals to extend themselves physically, mentally or emotionally as they face challenges. This understanding of mine has been shaped by the novel Life of Pi, written by YannRead MoreWhy I Love Saudi Arabia1490 Words   |  6 Pages‘Umrah’ is a word in Arabic that means to pay a visit however for me and other Muslims, it is not just an ordinary visit. It is a visit to the ‘sacred house of God’ in mecca, Saudi Arabia. This pilgrimage is a way to connect with God. It was June 2015 that I was at last going to make this spiritual journey. I love Saudi Arabia it is an extraordinary place. After previous visits to mecca I had always felt immense spiritual ease, even though I had been of a fairly young age. Now that I was old enoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Sue Monk Kidds Novel And The Inventi on Of Wings1213 Words   |  5 Pagesidea of a journey. The link between the journeys in these books is noted by the major character’s desire to see life as they imagine it to be; for Kidd’s character, it is not only about the chance to escape slavery, but also the chance to experience life the with the opportunity to life the life her mother had told her about before she passed away. For Kerouac’s characters, the major character in particular, the journey is the same in his desire not to be a slave to the normalcy that life has to offerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lightning Thief743 Words   |  3 PagesAnnabeth and Grover, must undertake a quest to reclaim Zeus’s master bolt from Hades. â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† is a pattern of stages that many heroes experience. Throughout Percy’s quest, the archetype of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† is followed. A few stages of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† that Percy undergoes a re The Ordinary World, The Supreme Ordeal, and Confronting the Father. In the very first stage of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey†, The Ordinary World, the hero lives in an uneventful world where they are considered unusual

Animal Population Control Free Essays

â€Å"It’s not a deer problem, it’s a people problem† While the causes of human and wild animal interaction are growing rapidly as human and animal population, the effects are shown in various areas. As an example deer, a species that’s population that has sky rocketed in absence of natural predators, causes traffic accidents every year as they attempt to cross U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Population Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now roadways. In effect our society feels like its our personal responsibility to take life away from innocent animals such as deer, stray dogs, and other overpopulated animals.The problem of overpopulation doesn’t stop in areas close to wildlife. It’s a problem in cities across the world as stray cats and dogs are sent to the local shelters to be put asleep simply because they are homeless. While these are problems for everyone in the area, reducing animal populations by hunting is cruel and inhumane. Rather than killing animals, humans should sterilize or relocate the animals in order to limit human-wildlife conflict. Even though the deer population might be overpopulated and cause problems .I believe there are other options to solve the overpopulation rather than hunting. â€Å"It’s not a deer problem, it’s a people problem,† insists Bonnie Vlach, founder and president of the group. â€Å"People move into these posh developments alongside the park, then start complaining when the deer come out and eat their shrubs. If you just leave well enough alone, the system will regulate itself. † Vlach brings up a great point. The deer are not at fault for living in there natural habitat. We the humans are the ones that move into their neighborhood and trespass their backyard. Then doing that to the deer we complain and kill them for doing what they were born to do. Instead of hunting to solve our problems we could try some other options. Sterilization of the does is an option that many areas have tried and works just takes time. Although pro-hunters argue this isn’t as efficient as hunting, it still helps without taking life from a living animal. It keeps the population at a stand still until it lowers at least.There is relocation, but most would not recommend it. The whole process is about $400-$600 per deer, and only 40% of the deer survive. This option isn’t the best out there but its an option if funding is there. Another popular option is fencing to keep the deer in one area, and along with that putting natural predators in with them. So population control will happen naturally. In a statement published on its Web site, PETA expounds on that point: â€Å"Hunting has nothing to do with â€Å"conservation† or â€Å"population control†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .If left unaltered, the delicate balance of nature’s ecosystems ensures the survival of most species. Natural predators help maintain this balance by killing only the sickest and weakest individuals. Hunters kill any animal they would like to hang over the fireplace–including healthy animals who are needed to keep the population strong. † Not only is this a problem in wildlife areas, but in cities with cats and dogs. Animals are being killed simply because they are stray. Just like deer there are several options we all can take into action. For example no kill shelters, these are shelters that are safe to take a pet you can no longer keep without worrying about them being put to sleep, we can all push for more of these shelters to give these homeless pets somewhere safe to go. With the money the government gives shelters instead of using it towards the injections, they could use the funds toward programs such as the SPCA’S Cat Colony Care Program, Which is a project that sterilized 2,500 cats in three years and the SPCA estimates that if those felines had not been operated on, they and their progeny would have produced more than 600,000 offspring.See that program made a difference. Euthanasia on pets do nothing but kill animals. It doesn’t stop more from being born. The CCP aims to achieve population control in many ways, including through educating the public about responsible pet ownership through media, school, and community visits. Although there’s a lot of effort to stop killing our pets, there are still thousands of homeless pets that have to be put down. SOME 9,600,000 DOGS and cats are euthanized annually in the U. S. The good news is that, in numerous communities, this sad fact is becoming more and more unacceptable.In New York City, for instance, Animal Care Control implemented a five-year plan to end pet euthanasia as a form of overpopulation control by 2009. Just 19 months in, fewer adoptable dogs and cats are dying in the five boroughs than at any other time in history. I feel like if we can take a stand and see those number drop for dogs and cats. Then we can do something for our wild-life friends. Whatever happened to â€Å"thou shall not kill. † He didn’t say murder he said kill. Killing animals is like destroying God’s artwork.Just like numerous people think killing an unborn child is immoral and unfair. Killing innocent creatures is just as wrong. Future lies within hopes of getting more no kill , or adopt a spayed an d neuter pet programs started across the nation. So one day a healthy, well-tempered, adoptable pet will never be euthanized again. Even if your not a huge animal lover, and you don’t really believe in animal rights. You should have some compassion for animals, and ask yourself how would I like to be treated if I was a deer just doing what comes natural to me.Would you like to be shot one morning grazing in the meadow, or a puppy that was adopted then their owner abandoned you and now your alone in a shelter to be put to sleep. Maybe in the future all of this can be resolved in some way other than killing. I mean who are the real animals here? Are we the civilized people or the animals? We are the most progressive country therefore we are the future. We should act now and do something instead of waiting for something big to happen. Lets stop killing beautiful and innocent creatures and stop waiting for the future the future is today. Amy Riley Headlee MWF- 9:35AM 12-1-10 How to cite Animal Population Control, Papers

Journal of Academic Research in Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Academic Research in Business. Answer: Introduction: Strategic thinking is the ability of an individual that determines the process of his or her thinking, how he or she evaluates and develops plans for future (Hughes Beatty, 2005). Strategic thinking is regarded as the one of most effective tool that a business individual should possess. Most business leaders apply strategic thinking in order to assess any situation and taking any decision accordingly. It is the ability that includes all the critical skills, which helps a business personnel in making a decision confidently. Certain abilities are there through which one becomes able to think strategically (Mastering Strategic Management, 2018). The ability to think strategically requires certain skills. For instance, a person requires having a clear vision in order to make long-term plans. Additionally, ability to take risks helps one to achieve the skill. I believe I possess certain qualities of a strategic thinker such as analytical approach towards situations and challenges, ability to communicate with others, the decision making ability, leadership quality and problem solving ability (Tovstiga, 2015). Among these essential qualities of a strategic thinker, I believe my strongest strategic thinking skill is the ability think analytically. As strategic thinking refers to the ability to set a goal for an organization, thus, the analytical approach plays a crucial role in possessing the qualities of strategic thinking. A person working in the area of strategic thinking needs to think analytically in order to examine a business of the organization. The ability of analyzing the market and then setting the plan as what initiatives or steps are required to be taken by the organization is considered as the analytical ability of one. I consider my fear of taking risk is my weakest skill of strategic thinking that I need to work on and improve. Risk taking is the critical element of strategic thinking. A strategic thinker becomes successful if only he or she takes the risk in terms of taking the initiative for the growth of his company (Tovstiga, 2015). in some cases, business leaders are to take such steps which have never been applied in business. The ability of risk-taking helps one learn more. As per my experience, I generally, avoid taking risks out of the fear that it might fail. Additionally, the fear of being criticized by other is another reason why avoid taking risks. However, I feel that I need work in order to improve my ability in terms of taking risks. Certain measures can be mentioned in order to improve the skill of thinking strategically. One of the significant ways through which strategic thinking can be improved is observation. Observation makes enable one to not only in applying analytical approach, but it also helps in having the vision to make long-term plans. As analytical thinking includes evaluation of various aspects before making a decision, it enables one to become confident. Meanwhile, it also allows the person in taking risks (Abbas Khali, 2016). As mentioned earlier, the risk-taking ability is my weakest strategic thinking skill. Therefore, in order to become a risk taker, I need take experimental approaches so that I can get rid of the fear of being a failure. References Abbas, A. A. H., Khali, H. H. (2016). Effect of the Empowerment Leadership's on Job Involvement Reinforcement through a Mediator Role for Strategic Thinking Skills.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,6(6), 189-220. Hughes, R. L., Beatty, K. C. (2005).Becoming a strategic leader. John Wiley Sons. Mastering Strategic Management. (2018).www.saylor.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018, from https://www.saylor.org/site/textbooks/Mastering%20Strategic%20Management.pdf Tovstiga, G. (2015).Strategy in practice: A practitioner's guide to strategic thinking. John Wiley Sons.

Lost in Life free essay sample

The blue birds chirping like the melody of a beautiful song.That is the only beautiful thing out in the woods, all alone.Alone, separated from my family.I wandered all around the woods checking the signs to see if I remembered the area that I was in. after the first couple of hours I realized how hard it is to stay on a given path, especially with all the obstacles in the way. Terrified and frightened I jumped and yelped at any little noise that the forest would make. The more that I thought I was going in circles the more frustrated I got. Insects were buzzing all around me.I swatted at them but it did little good.I started to wonder if I was able to get out. I was all to familiar with being lost.My life was all jumbled and mixed up kind of like I was lost. We will write a custom essay sample on Lost in Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What did I want to do when I got older?The impact of that decision would impact the rest of my life.I went over what I loved and what I did not love. Nature was a big part of my life, anywhere I went it usually had nature in it.Then I realized that I like fishing a lot.So I thought what would have fish in a college major?Then It clicked, marine biology had everything that I wanted to do when I got older so I made my choice.I then settled down and thought about how I was going to get out of the woods.I kept a calm mind because if I had a clouded mind I would not be able to think clearly.I knew that my family and I were going north based on the sun , so I started to head south back to where the trail should have been.After two or so hours I found the path we were traveling on. The moon was just starting to shine as I found my way back to the campsites. My family was by the end of the trail waiting as a team was sent out to find me.My mom was crying as was my dad the officers were broug ht out and then I decided that any obstacles can be overcome as long as you have a plan and a clear mind.

Pillars Essay free essay sample

Scholarship, leadership, character and service are all characteristics found in a National Honor Society member. Believe that I possess all of these characteristics and should be given the honor of becoming a INS member. The first characteristic scholarship, is best defined as the academic quality of a particular student. All National Honor Society members are required to maintain a 3. 5 GAP I have worked hard to maintain a 3. 5 GAP, and have received a card every semester since started at Coral Academy six years ago. The next characteristic is leadership. Leadership is helping, guiding or eating others to reach a goal.Im a leader not only in school but outside of school as well. Outside of school I am the elected captain of my swim team, am a Leader in Training (LIT) through my churchs nana program. In school, I lead by example, I get good grades not only in academics but in citizenship as well, and I was a member of National Junior Honor Society last year. We will write a custom essay sample on Pillars Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third characteristic is character; It is defined as the qualities that form the individual nature of a person. Am a very honest, reliable, respectful, and responsible person. Im very friendly, courteous, cooperative, and I rarely reek the rules.The final characteristic is service. Service is any contributions made to a community without expecting anything in return. I provide many different services to my community. I have provided services in accordance with my church through programs like vacation bible school and nanas. I also volunteer my time at the SPA of Northern Nevada, and I help out with other miscellaneous community activities i. E. , expedition man. Thank you, for your time and consideration. And hope you find me worthy of receiving the honor of becoming a National Honor Society member.

Building Blocks Lesson

Building Blocks Lesson I have a story to tell, and I want to do it in one-liner bullets. The lesson is clear. See if you note the trend: My lesson = Began writing mysteries. = Finally published a mystery. = Joined Sisters in Crime (SinC) to be with other lady mystery writers. = Became a moderator for SinC to be seen and remembered as a lady mystery writer. = Was invited to help start a local South Carolina chapter of Sisters in Crime. = A year into the local chapter, the president said libraries were seeking authors to speak. = I immediately applied, spending much time on the application. = The library had a grant to hire writing teachers. I knew grants and volunteered time to get it off the ground. = I was selected = The SC State Library asked me to do videos for a website for those who could not attend for payment. = Another county library heard of me and asked me to teach their group, expanding the grant for payment. = One of the librarians suggested I apply for the SC Humanities Speakers Bureau for when the grant was over. = I applied and was accepted for the Speakers Bureau . . . because of my new library reputation. = A library in the next state heard of the library program and invited me for four (paid) appearances. = Another library not on the grant asked me to appear, at the recommendation of the State Library, and applied to the Speakers Bureau to pay for it. . . . and that was just up to this week. Im sure the momentum is still in play.   All too often we become one of two types of writers when it comes to our platforms and self-promotion: 1) The control freak who thinks theyll keep a grip on every turn in the road and determine all outcomes, or 2) The uncertain soul who lets their journey flap in the wind, headed in whatever direction someone else steers them. The best situation falls someplace in between. Keep your options open, but when you see an opportunity, snap it up. Every person in my SinC group had the opportunity I did. None capitalized on it. I saw an opportunity to spread my name in South Carolina in an attempt to saturate local notoriety, instead of thinking I have to become known nationally first. I didnt wait for them to tell me what to do as a speaker. Instead I suggested topics, aiding with promotion, and becoming friends with the librarians who are always seeking opportunities for their members. That friendship resulted in joining the SC Humanities Bureau. And the ball keeps rolling. Do not think you know everything about your writing career. And dont be afraid to try something new to aid your cause. Opportunity is everywhere . . . just everywhere. The art is seeing it, and courting it, and putting it in your pocket instead of wondering for days and weeks if you ought to do something you never have before. Trust yourself. Be excited about stepping out. Watch your confidence soar, and amazingly, those around you will want to soak up that confidence and invite you into their world.

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Research - Essay Example Business leaders may want to overprice their products in an effort to cover their costs. However it can result in declining sales for businesses. While all business leaders want their businesses to grow, uncontrolled growth of business can lead to failure for an organization. Adverse selection involves a situation where a buyer or seller  of a product or service is unaware of the quality or state of the product or service. This allows them to approximate what they feel is an accurate price. Because of this lack of information sellers are less likely to offer quality goods and services. Managers face a multitude of challenges when they run their businesses. Some of these challenges include pricing techniques and operational problems. If these problems are not managed effectively and /or resolved it could lead to various problems for the organization. Predatory pricing can be defined as â€Å"an anti-competitive measure employed by a dominant company to protect market share from new or existing competitors†. (â€Å"Predatory Pricing†,n.d.) The gradual reduction of the price of a product may indicate predatory pricing. A firm may want to have a monopoly over a certain market so it sells its products at prices below the firm’s costs of production. ... Certain health care systems may engage in predatory pricing with health plans not in their network in order to prevent smaller hospitals from becoming fully fledged competitors. This practice results in a managed care system monopolizing an aspect of health care. In 2011 the United States Department of Justice stated that United Regional Health Care System had participated in predatory pricing practices with certain managed care plans to eliminate Kell West Regional Hospital as competition. â€Å"DOJ (has alleged ) that United Regional’s managed care contracts with non- Blue Cross plans harmed competition by excluding Kell West from the payer’s networks in exchange for increased discounts on all services at United Regional.† (Argue , n.d., para. 2) Other health care providers may engage in predatory pricing in an effort to prevent new competitors from participating in a certain health care market. â€Å"Management information systems (MIS) are a set of procedure s to collect important business information for making management decisions.† (Vitez, 2012, para 1) While technology has made the implementation of MIS simpler there are still some disadvantages. Management personnel may spend a great deal of time designing, reviewing, implementing and controlling the MIS. This can result in the hindrance of the decision making process of managers. This poses challenges to MIS theorists since some MIS tend to not be adaptable.† (Nowduri , 2007,p.8) Company leaders may not be able to effectively perform their duties if too much time is spent focusing on MIS. It can also be a very complicated system.MIS processes may be disruptive to business operations if the system accumulates an overabundance of information that is irrelevant

Knowledge of Intro to Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge of Intro to Technologies - Essay Example In the present scenario, one unique characteristic of the proposed technology would be on the need to meet the different technology needs of different employees of the company. Interestingly, though the work of each of the employees come together to ensure the successful running of the entire company, each employee’s works is so different that thinking of a different IT solution to each employee is the best way out in ensuring that the technology needs of the company are met as far as emerging technology is concerned. Proposal of Technology Needs Employee Hardware requirement Software requirements Connectivity requirements Subtotal General Remarks Reviewer Laptop, tablet PC, digital camera Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 Reviewer needs digital camera and tablet PC to make accessibility to taking of motion and still images easier. It should also be possible to capture audio recordings with these hardware. USB modem will also be appropriate for the laptop whil es the wireless card will be suitable for the tablet PC. Editor Desktop, smart phone, laptop Windows, Photoshop Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 The editor will need a desktop PC in other make large scale editing of still and motion images possible at the company premises. The smart phone will make on the go access to information possible. The Photoshop software is needed for editing pictures and videos. Website designer Desktop, laptop Windows, Photoshop Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 The website designer also needs Photoshop because he will be doing a lot of editing of images. The presence of desktop remains useful to the website designer because he would need to test how well the designed website would perform on different platforms including a desktop PC. Business owner Smart phone, tablet PC, laptop Windows, Wireless card, 3G, USB modem AUD$2,000 A smart phone is specifically mentioned because the business owner would need to make a lot of calls to business clients. He al so needs tablet PC to access mails and the internet as often as possible. Meeting/Conference Room Laptop, large screen monitor, projectors Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem AUD$1,500 The meeting or conference premises ought to have access to sophisticated LCD screen of larger inches to make presentation of meetings possible. There also need to be laptops to make the networking of information possible while meeting proceeds Networking, Printing and File sharing Desktop, laptop, printer, routers, Ethernet hub Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem, LAN Hub AUD$1,500 This is the component that needs larger amount of networking systems. It is for this reason that both wireless and LAN network systems are recommended. Overview of the network setup Considering the various technological demands of the various employees, the most prescribed network connection type to use is the wireless broadband connection. With this internet connection, it should be possible for all employees to access the internet without the need to have any wire aided connections in place. The advantage that this phenomenon will have over other forms of wire connections is that there will be an on-the-go access to the internet as far as a Wi-Fi device is available.

Principle Of Material Balance With Chemical Reaction Biology Essay

Principle Of Material Balance With Chemical Reaction Biology Essay The aim of this report is to make use of the principal of material balance with chemical reaction so to able to find out the yield, conversion rate and rate of reaction for the batch process. The hypothesis made in this experiment was when the concentration of sodium hydroxide decreases, the conductivity values also decreases. The steps for conducting this experiment are to prepare the reagents first. Then allow the reaction between the two reactants sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate to mix together for reaction. Take note of the time and draw graphs of the reaction and finally find the yield of the reaction. There are two conditions to be studied in this case and it can be determined by the group itself. In this report, the concentration used is 0.01M of ethyl acetate and 0.02M of ethyl acetate solution. The yield calculated was that yield was higher in 0.02M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.01M of ethyl acetate. The rate of reaction is higher also in 0.02M of ethyl acetate solution based on the steepness of the graph. This is because as more molecules react with each other, more product will form at the same time and therefore in average, more product are formed at the same time and hence rate of reaction increase. However, the conductivity value was higher in 0.01M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.02M of ethyl acetate. This happened as more NaOH is being reacted with 0.02M of ethyl acetate solution. When this occurs, the conductivity value decreases as NaOH is a best conductor of electricity among the reactants and if the concentration decreases, the conductivity values also decreases and vice versa. Overall, the hypothesis made and the aim made for this experiment is correct and it also follows the law of material balance with chemical reaction. iii 1. Introduction Background Literature In the process industry, maximizing the yield is important as not only it save cost of production, but also bring more profits to a company. However, maximizing the yield is closely related to the conversion of units and rate of reaction. This is because with the help of the two factors, then maximizing yield could be done possible (Singapore Polytechnic 2009). Much time were set apart in this area at the industry to adjust the factors to optimum factors for the maximum yield it can have. Beside maximum yield, maximum reaction is also required between the reactants. Reaction rate is especially important in the industry as there is a need to know exactly what is the required time needed for the reaction to be complete. It can be calculated by finding the rate of the reaction is going at a constant time and multiply against the amount of reactants used. In this experiment, the main objective is to look at the saponification of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate solution to form the desired product sodium acetate. Overall, the whole experiment wanted the students to get prepared for the fundamentals of material balance with chemical reaction through the reaction between the reactants to get the final product. 1.2 Aim The aim of this experiment is to study and determine the yield, conversion and reaction rate of the starting reagents sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate. It helps the students to know how to calculate the yield. 1.3 Hypothesis In this experiment, the main objective is to find out the relationship between the concentration of NaOH and the conductivity values. According to the theory, as the reaction of ethyl acetate increases, conductivity values will decrease and vice versa. 1 2. Theory 2.1 Introduction of Theory In this case, material balance deals with chemical reaction where students associate the product and the reactants. Material balance states that reactant that goes in to react must come out from the system as a product. The law of material balance also states that a system must, by conservation of mass, either leave the system or accumulate within the system. (Wikipedia 12 Dec 2009) The reactants used are sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate by processing it batch wise in a reactor to produce the desired product sodium acetate and the by- product ethanol. 2.2 Saponification Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of an acid This term is normally associated with the reaction of an alkali (normally metal) with a fat compound to form soap. However, only certain lipids that contain ester linkages can undergo hydrolysis. This reaction is also catalyzed by a strong acid or base. (Wikipedia 12 Dec 2009). The alkali that is going to be used is sodium hydroxide solution and the ester that is to be used is ethyl acetate solution. After it had reacted, it will form the product sodium acetate. In the past, saponification also refers as soap making as the properties of the reactants is about the same only with the exception that fats or oil is used instead of the ester ethyl acetate. 2.3 Batch Process Batch process is an operation where a fixed amount of reactants are being fed into the reactor. It is an unsteady state process where the flow rate of the system is not proportional to the time taken to flow. So therefore, the rate where sodium acetate where it is formed is not constant and the rate of accumulation are also not constant. Accumulation consists of either the reactants which had not been used up during the reaction or the product that are being left inside the reactor. The product will stop producing if any of the reactants is used up. The reactant that is being used up first is the limiting reagent. Normally, limiting reagent is the more expensive reagent. Because it can save up cost of production as it is considered wasteful if there is any expensive reagent not used up. Ethyl acetate, being the more expensive reagent, will be the limiting reagent in wise. There are also two equations relating to the batch process. Final Output-Initial Output = Generation Consumption If there is no reaction, Initial Input= Final Output (Product=Reactants) (Singapore Polytechnic 2009) 2 2.4 Conductivity Conductivity is a measure of an electrolyte of its ability to conduct electricity. (Wikipedia 2009) The S.I unit of conductivity is Siemens per metre (S/m). Conductivity measurements are usually used in many industrial and environmental applications. This is because it has been proven as a fast, inexpensive way of measuring the ionic content of a solution. For example, the measurement of product conductivity is done so by tracing the performance of the water purification system under close monitor. In many cases, conductivity is linked directly to the total dissolved solids (T.D.S). High quality deionised water has a conductivity values of about 5.5 lS/m, drinking water is in the range of five-fifty mS/m while sea water is about 5 S/m. The reason why sea water has such high conductivity because of the ionic compounds dissolved in it and all of them are conductor of electricity. The most basic compound dissolved in seawater is table salt, Sodium Chloride. For this experiment, the result that is required is the conductivity of sodium hydroxide solution after reacting with ethyl acetate for a certain period of time. The amount of time set for the reaction is twenty minutes and it can be adjusted accordingly. 2.5 Yield Yield is the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. The units of yield can be given in grams or in moles. To be exact, yield is also defined as the mole/s of desired product formed per mole of key reactant fed into the reactor. This experiment also required the students to find out the yield or how much the products it has which is the desired product sodium acetate. Even though ethanol is still considered as a product, it is a by-product and hence the yield is not required to find out. 3 Procedure (Singapore Polytechnic 2009). 3.1 Pre- Assessment activity Before starting the experiment, besides preparing the starting reagents, students have to ensure what are the equipments required for this experiment. After checking it, make sure to rinsed all apparatus with D.I water to ensure no impurities present in any of the equipments. There is also a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that tell us the nature of NaOH and ethyl acetate. The data sheet also tells us what are the hazards and the safety precaution to take note of for these two compounds. 3.2 How to Prepare the Starting Reactant Firstly, students must read how to handle NaOH and ethyl acetate and the recommended way of disposing these two chemicals. Disposable gloves and chemical goggles is a must as even if the chemical spilled out, the glove will prevent the chemicals from harming the students. 500ml of ethyl acetate is to be prepared at this stage as the concentration is being discussed during the pre- assessment activity. Students may use the measuring cylinder to measure the required volume of both reactants and the volume is the pre-determined during the pre-assessment activity. Then both are being poured into the 500ml volumetric flask respectively. The solutions are to be filled up to the 500ml mark for both reactants. 3.3 Experimental Setup Pour in the NaOH solution to the reactor. Alter the set up condition accordingly by the discussed by the group earlier same as the volume used for the reactants. Make sure it is approved by the lecturer. Remember to record down the reaction of conditions such as the stirring speed of the stirrer, concentrations, temperature and the volume of the reactants. Make sure the conductivity probe is inside the solution. Pour NaOH in first. Then when ethyl acetate solution is poured in, start the timer immediately. Record the value every 1 minute and this goes on up to 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, stop the stirring device and remove the magnetic bar using the magnetic rod. Clean all the equipments properly (e.g. Clean the conductivity probe with D.I water etc). Before doing so, pour all the unwanted solution to the containers respectively. Repeat the experiment again with different condition. Repeat the steps mentioned above. Tidy up the workplace and the experiment is considered done. 4 Results And Calculation 4.1 How to Determine the Yield of Sodium Acetate at 15 Minutes for 0.01M of Ethyl Acetate? The yield of sodium acetate at 15 minutes can be determined by the concentration of NaOH. From the concentration, students can find out the amount of mole of NaOH and also by the molar ratio of NaOH and ethyl acetate. By making use of the results form the procedure, students can also find out the concentration of NaOH and ethyl acetate. Theoretical Mole of NaOH = 0.01 X 0.5L = 0.005 mol Actual Mole of NaOH = 0.00156 X 0.5L = 0.00078mol Number of moles reacted = 0.005 0.00078 = 0.00422mol Conversion of NaOH= 0.00422/0.005 X 100% = 84.4% Theoretically, since 1 mole of NaOH react and form 1 mole of CH3COONa, actual mole of CH3COONa= 0.00078 Yield of CH3COONa= 0.00078/0.005 =0.156 4.2 What Is the Yield When 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate Solution Used At 15 Minutes? Theoretical mole of NaOH = 0.02 X 0.5L = 0.01 mol Actual mole of NaOH = 0.0017 X 0.5L = 0.00085mol Number of moles reacted = 0.01 0.00085 = 0.00915mol Conversion of NaOH= 0.00915/0.01 X 100% = 91.5% Theoretically, since 1 mole of NaOH react and form 1 mole of CH3COONa, Actual mole of CH3COONa= 0.00085 Yield of CH3COONa= 0.00085/0.01 = 0.085 5 4.3 What Is the Rate of Reaction When 0.01M And 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate? Figure 1: Rate of reaction for 0.01M of ethyl acetate Figure:2 Rate of reaction for 0.02M of ethyl acetate 6 4.4 How to Determine Rate Constant The rate constant can also be determined by the graph except by drawing a tangent line against it as the tangent line mean the rate is going at a constant rate. Figure 3: Rate constant for 0.01M of ethyl acetate Graph shown above is straight line. Gradient= 0.00265-0.0012 Ã · 20 1 = 0.0000763 (From the graph) Figure 4: Rate constant of 0.02M of ethyl acetate Graph shown above is straight line. Gradient= 0.00275 0.00125 Ã · 20 1 = 0.0000789 (From the graph) 7 Discussion 5.1 Factors Affecting Rate of Constant The factor that may affect rate of constant is temperature of the reactor, concentration of the reactants, pressure or volume of the reactants. Firstly, as temperature rises, it can lead to a higher probability of particles colliding each other. Hence it will increase rate of reaction with an increase of the temperature, the moving speed of the molecules increases, with higher moving speed, it will increase the chances of molecules colliding to each other, therefore increases the rate of reaction. However, during the experiment, the temperature of the reactor was keep constant at a range of 23.5oC which is at room temperature, therefore, temperature was not taken in to account in this experiment. Secondly, concentration of the reactors, with a high concentration of the reactant, the rate of reaction with also increases. This is caused by the increasing number of particles in a reactant. With larger amount of particles, the successful rate of particles colliding in to each other are higher, therefore cater to a faster rate of reaction. However, as we are conducting the experiments, instruction of using a constant concentration of the reactant were told, therefore, concentration of the reactant is also not to be taken in to account. 5.2 Factors Affecting Conversion and Yield The equation above have NaOH and ethyl acetate as their reactants and sodium acetate and ethanol as the products formed. As indicated on the lab manual, the amount of NaOH used is fixed at 0.1M, therefore reactant A is ethyl acetate and the desired product is sodium acetate. The factors that affect the yield of the desired product are the volume and concentration of reactant A which are fed in to the reactor. With an increment of both the volume and concentration of reactant A, the number of moles of the reactant will increase. Two experiments were done to prove that volume can cater to a different yield. The first trail of the experiment, the volume of ethyl acetate was set to 0.49cm3 and on the second trial, 0.92cm3. The yield of the product decreased as the volume increased, this was proven as the yield of the second reaction was lower than the first. 8 Factors Affecting Conductivity Values Mainly, there are two main factors that are affecting the conductivity values. There are the speed of the stirrer and rate of reaction. When the speed of the stirrer increases, the conductivity values decreases. This is because it introduces more collisions between the particles and hence more products are formed at the same time. As more NaOH is being converted to sodium acetate, the conductivity value will increase as mainly NaOH is the best conductor of electricity present within the reaction and vice versa. Temperature indeed affects the conductivity values but as the temperature during the reaction is being kept constant, it will not be any of the factors that affect the reaction. Precautions In Experiment There are some precautions taken for the experiment. For example, when handle corrosive or volatile chemicals such as NaOH or ethyl acetate, make sure to wear disposable glove and avoid smelling ethyl acetate as it is a volatile liquid. Also, the smell of ethyl acetate is harmful to our body and when are diluting it, it is best to wear a surgical mask while extracting the pure ethyl acetate solution. While doing the experiment, wear safety goggles at all times to prevent the spurring of the reactants during the chemical reaction. After doing the experiment, also make sure that the magnet is taken out by the magnetic rod and not take it by the hand itself. This is because chemicals present in the beaker may not have reacted completely and traces of reactants may still be found present in the solution. This is a common mistake made by students as some of them will take it out by bare hand after realizing they did not take it out before washing. Comparison between the Yields of Different Concentration of Ethyl Acetate. Yield obtained in 0.01M of ethyl acetate is 78% while yield obtained in 0.02M of ethyl acetate is 85%. After comparing the yield between the two concentrations of ethyl acetate, 0.02M of ethyl acetate tends to have higher yield than 0.01M of ethyl acetate solution. The result is the same as the hypothesis made at the start of the report. This is because as there are more molecules of ethyl acetate present during the reaction. The rate of reaction increases because of the kinetic particle theory. The kinetic particle theory states that as more molecules collide during the reaction, it will form more products. Hence, yield will increase as more products are formed. 9 Comparison between the rates of reaction of different concentration of ethyl acetate. The curve was smoother in 0.01M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.02M of ethyl acetate. This is because with a high concentration of the reactant, the rate of reaction with also increases. This is caused by the increasing number of particles in a reactant. With larger amount of particles, the successful rate of particles colliding in to each other are higher, therefore cater to a faster rate of reaction. Hence, rate of reaction was faster in 0.02M of ethyl acetate compared to 0.01M of ethyl acetate. 10 6. Conclusion In conclusion, the aim that was made at the start of the experiment was successful as students has indeed learnt the fundamentals of material balance that even though the time required to make the product varies with the amount of products, anything that goes in must also get out is the main point that the students learnt. There are many factors that can affect the condition studied. This includes temperature, pressure, volume, rate of reaction, conversion and yield etc. Also, as the NaOH concentration increases, the conductivity values also increases and vice versa. This is the same hypothesis made in this report and therefore it can be concluded that the hypothesis is correct. 11